Chapter 6—Ground Reference Maneuvers |
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Purpose and Scope Maneuvering By Reference to Ground Objects Drift and Ground Track Control Rectangular Course S-Turns Across a Road Turns Around a Point Elementary Eights Eights Along a Road Eights Across a Road Eights Around Pylons Eights-On-Pylons (Pylon Eights) Table of Contents |
ELEMENTARY EIGHTS An “eight” is a maneuver in which the airplane describes a path over the ground more or less in the shape of a figure “8”. In all eights except “lazy eights” the path is horizontal as though following a marked path over the ground. There are various types of eights, progressing from the elementary types to very difficult types in the advanced maneuvers. Each has its special use in teaching the student to solve a particular problem of turning with relation to the Earth, or an object on the Earth’s surface. Each type, as they advance in difficulty of accomplishment, further perfects the student’s coordination technique and requires a higher degree of subconscious flying ability. Of all the training maneuvers available to the instructor, only eights require the progressively higher degree of conscious attention to outside objects. However, the real importance of eights is in the requirement for the perfection and display of subconscious flying. Elementary eights, specifically eights along a road, eights across a road, and eights around pylons, are variations of turns around a point, which use two points about which the airplane circles in either direction. Elementary eights are designed for the following purposes.
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PED Publication |